The OlyMADMen database on the 1900 Olympic Games

The data on these pages are according to the data on the OlyMADMen Database.
However, I have made the following changes:

1. Fred Lane is Australian but the OlyMADMen count him as British.
2. Bill Burgess is British but counted by the OlyMADMen as French.
3. Philippe Houben in Belgian but counted by the OlyMADMen as French.
4. Victor Lindberg is New Zealander but the OlyMADMen count him as British.
5. The OlyMADMen include the 6 Dutch Archers
6. I have added 133 unknown Archers, 119 French and 14 Belgians
7. Adolphe Klingelhoefer is Brazilian, the OlyMADMen consider him French.
8. George Orton, Dick Grant, Ronald MacDonald and Alex Grant are Canadians, but the OlyMADMen consider them Americans.
9. I count Alexandre Tuffèri as Greek, the OlyMADMen consider him French.
10. Michel Théato is Luxembourgian, but the OlyMADMen consider him French.
11. Timothée Jordan and Robert Horne are considered British by the OlyMADMen, but I class them as French. That makes 5 French cricketers and leaves only 19 British ones. A total of seven cricketers on the French team are classed as French, while noting that they are in fact British.
12. Vladislav Chalupa is Moravian, so he must be considered a Czech national on the Austrian team, but the OlyMADMen consider him French.
13. Lloyd Hildebrand is British, but the OlyMADMen consider him French.
14. I have assumed that the Unknown Rider is from Belgium, while the OlyMADMen class him as nationality "UNK".
15. The OlyMADMen count Wignolle while noting it is possibly Vigneulles. I have merged these two competitors into one (Vigneulles)
16. André Corvington is Haitian, but the OlyMADMen consider him French.
17. Després and Cannesson are listed in Fencing, I believe erroneously.
18. A. Berger was listed in Mallon's book but deleted from the database. However, he cannot have been the same fencer as H-G Berger, since they both competed in the same event, in different pools.
19. I have added 7 unknown fencers in the Sabre and 8 unknown fencers in the Masters Épée.
20. Henk van Heuckelum is Dutch and Eric Thornton is British, but the OlyMADMen call them Belgian because they played for Brussels.
21. John Daunt is British, but the OlyMADMen call him French.
22. Al Lambert and Arthur Lord are Americans, but the OlyMADMen call them French.
23. Alexandros, Count Merkati is Greek, but the OlyMADMen call him French.
24. Polly Whittier is American, but the OlyMADMen call her Swiss.
25. Abbie Pratt is American, but the OlyMADMen call her French.
26. Ellen Ridgway is American, but the OlyMADMen call her French.
27. There are numerous miscounts in Polo, because the teams were transnational, and the OlyMADMen count all athletes according to the nationality of the team. Counted as Britons are 3 Americans and a Frenchman (Jean, Comte De Madre), and among the French there is also one Briton (Frederick Gill).
28. I have added 7 French and 2 Belgian unknown coxes in rowing
29. Constantin Henriquez is from Haiti, but the OlyMADMen call him French.
30. André Roosevelt is American, but the OlyMADMen call him French.
31. Arnold Landvoigt is American, but the OlyMADMen call him German.
32. William Exshaw is British, but the OlyMADMen call him French.
33. I have added 77 unknown sailors (62 French, 12 British and 3 American). This brings my number of French Sailors to 134 (73+62-1) French, 22 (9+12+1) British and 6 (3+3) Americans. One of those unknown sailors is Mr. Rousselet, who is also not counted by the OlyMADMen.
34. Archibald Warden is British, but the OlyMADMen call him French.
35. Charles Voight is American, but the OlyMADMen call him French.
36. Charles Sands is American, but the OlyMADMen count him as French in Tennis.
37. Francis Henríquez de Zubiria is Colombian, but the OlyMADMen count him as French.
38. Texier is counted by me as a doubler, not by the OlyMADMen.

By Sport

• Archery:
  I have added 133 unknown archers (6)
  I have not counted the six Dutch archers (5)
  I therefore have 127 more archers.
• Equestrianism:
  I have merged Vigneulles and Wignolle (15) so I have one less equestrian.
• Fencing:
  I have added A. Berger (18)
  and 15 unknown competitors (19),
  but I have omitted Després and Cannesson.
  so I have 14 extra fencers.
• Rowing:
  I have added nine unknown coxes (28)
• Sailing:
  I have added 77 unknown sailors (33)
• Doublers:
  I count Texier as a doubler (38)
• Total:
  +127-1+14+9+77-1=225
  I have 225 more athletes than the OlyMADMen
  1239+225=1464

By Country

• Australia:
  Fred Lane is Australian but the OlyMADMen count him as British. (1)
• Austria:
  Vladislav Chalupa is Moravian, so he must be considered a Czech national on the Austrian team, but the OlyMADMen consider him French. (12)
• Belgium:
  Philippe Houben in Belgian but counted by the OlyMADMen as French. (3)
  I have added 17 unknown competitors - 14 Archers (6), 1 Equestrian (14) and 2 Rowers (coxes) (28).
  Henk van Heuckelum and Eric Thornton are counted by the OLYMADmen as Belgian (20).
• Brazil:
  Adolphe Klingelhoefer is Brazilian, the OlyMADMen consider him French (7).
• Canada:
  Four Canadian athletes are considered by the OlyMADMen as Americans (8).
• Colombia:
  Francis Henríquez de Zubiria is Colombian, the OlyMADMen consider him French (37).
• France:
  I have added 203 unknown competitors (119 Archers (6), 15 fencers (19) and 7 rowers - coxes (28) and 62 sailors (33))
  29 athletes are counted as French who aren't: Bill Burgess (2), Philippe Houben (3), Adolphe Klingelhoefer (7), Alexandre Tuffèri (9), Michel Théato (10), seven cricketers for France (11), Vladislav Chalupa (12), Lloyd Hildebrand (13), André Corvington (16), John Daunt (21), Al Lambert and Arthur Lord (22), Alexandros, Count Merkati (23), Abbie Pratt (25), Ellen Ridgway (26), Frederick Gill (27), Constantin Henriquez (29), André Roosevelt (30), William Exshaw (32), Archibald Warden (34), Charles Voight (35), Charles Sands (36) and Francis Henríquez de Zubiria (37)
  On the other hand, I class Jean, Comte De Madre (27) as French
  The OlyMADMen count Wignolle and Vigneulles, I have merged these two competitors into one (Vigneulles) (15)
  Després and Cannesson are listed in Fencing, I believe erroneously (17).
  but I have kept A. Berger (18)
  Texier is counted by me as a doubler
  that is a total of 203-29+1-1-2+1-1=172 extra Frenchmen
• Germany:
  Arnold Landvoigt is American, but the OlyMADMen call him German.
• Great Britain:
  I have added 12 unknown sailors (33)
  6 athletes (Fred Lane (1), Victor Lindberg (4), Foxhall Keene (27), Frank Mackey (27), Jean, Comte De Madre (27) and Walter McCreery (27) are incorrectly classed as Britons, but
  14 athletes Bill Burgess (2), seven cricketers (11), Lloyd Hildebrand (13), Eric Thornton (20), John Daunt (21), Frederick Gill (27), William Exshaw (32) and Archibald Warden (34) should be classed as British
  Stan Rowley is counted both as an Australian (correct) and an Englishman (he competed in the British Team race).
  that is 12-6+14-1=19 extra British athletes
  The OlyMADMen arrive at 112 + 3 Irishmen - 19 = 96 athletes on the British team.
• Greece:
  Alexandre Tuffèri (9) and Alexandros, Count Merkati (23) are counted as French by the OlyMADMen, who arrive at only 2 Greek athletes.
• Luxembourg:
  Michel Théato (10) is counted as French.
• Netherlands:
  Henk van Heuckelum is counted as Belgian
  I do not consider the six archers as Olympians
  so they arrive at 29+5 = 34 Dutch competitors.
• New Zealand:
  Victor Lindberg is from New Zealand but the OlyMADMen count him as British.
• Switzerland:
  Polly Whittier is American, but the OlyMADMen count her as Swiss, arriving at 17+1 = 18 competitors.
• USA:
  I have added 3 unknown sailors (33)
  4 athletes (George Orton, Dick Grant, Ronald MacDonald and Alex Grant) (8) are incorrectly classed as Americans, but
  11 athletes (Arthur Lord (22), Al Lambert (22), Polly Whittier (24), Abbie Pratt (25), Ellen Ridgway (26), Foxhall Keene (27), Frank Mackey (27), Walter McCreery (27) André Roosevelt (30), Arnold Landvoigt (31) and Charles Voight (35)) should be classed as Americans
  there are 11+3-4= 10 Americans more in my list than in that of the OlyMADMen. They arrive at 80-10=70
• Total:
  The OlyMADMen count Charles Sands both as French and American; if you add all their national tallies, you arrive at 1240, although they do write 1239 as the total.
  I have 224 more athletes than the OlyMADMen
  1240+224=1464

Included Sports and Events

In determining the exact nature of the Olympic events, I have decided to follow Mallon to the letter.

Thus Archery and Sailing (Yachting) are retained, as are Croquet and Pelota Basque, which are usually ignored by historians.

Mallon uses four criteria to determine whether or not an event was "Olympic":

• international
• open for all
• not handicapped
• for amateurs (except in Fencing)

My lists are now the same as these ones, except that I add 9 coxes and a further 239 competitors (see below) to arrive at 1466 competitors

Unknown Competitors

Next we come to the "unknown competitors".

On the pages about the Athina 1896 Olympics, I have consistently counted the full number of competitors, known and unknown. For Paris 1900, I want to continue that practice, but this is more difficult, especially in Equestrianism and Sailing. Mallon does count the unknown coxes in Rowing. Since I want to count the true numbers, known and unknown, I must make guesstimates for the 2 sports aforementioned.

My handling of the unknown competitors is as follows

• In Archery, there are a number of unknown participants in some events. These have been included under one heading "unknown". There are (at most) 134 unknown competitors, of which Mallon thinks 14 were Belgian. I have included 120 unknown French archers.
• In Cycling, not all 28 competitors of the points race are known. However, all 13 known riders had also competed in the Sprints. Since there are 69 known sprinters, it is unlikely that any of the 15 unknown competitors is actually new.
• In Equestrianism, I have made the following assumptions:
  • For the three jumping events, the official IOC report (in general rather incomplete) lists 24 participants from 4 nations. That means 2 unknown Italians and 10 unknown Frenchmen
  • The Chevaux de Selle is not listed on the IOC report, so I cannot add any unknowns
  • For the Mail Coach, the list of Entrants is given and counted, so there are too many rather than too few on Mallon's list and mine
  • Mallon thinks there are 4 unknown Belgians, 11 Frenchmen, and 1 Italian. I have followed this.
• In Fencing, Mallon seems to think there are an additional 13 unknown fencers. There are 12 names missing from the Masters Épée, so I'll be sticking to that number. Mallon thinks there are 2 additional Hungarians and Italians each, so I'll add 8 unknown French fencers to make up the numbers
• In Rowing, there are 8 coxes whose names are unknown. They are classed and counted just like any known competitor
• In Sailing, I make the following assumptions:
  • The small boats on the Seine are listed in the IOC report, which speaks of 85 participants, while Mallon has 88 names. That is nothing to go on.
  • The 0-1/2 ton class needs 5 crew members to fill all boats to at least 2 people (all French)
  • The 1/2-1 ton class needs 15 crew members to fill all boats to at least 2 people (all French)
  • The 1-2 ton class needs 8 crew members to fill all boats to at least 3 people (all French)
  • The 2-3 ton class needs 2 crew members to fill all boats to at least 3 people (all French)
  • The 3-10 ton class needs 14 crew members to fill all boats to at least 3 people (12 French, 2 Americans)
  • The 10-20 ton class needs 18 crew members to fill all boats to at least 4 people (12 French, 6 Britons)
  • The +20 ton class needs 16 crew members to fill all boats to at least 5 people (8 Britons, 4 French, 4 Americans)
  • In the Open Class, only boats that also participated in the other classes competed, so I am assuming all crew members are already counted. Only one boat is listed in the Open class but not in the others, and it has no known crew members. I am counting another 3 unknown Americans.
  • that is a total of 81 unknown participants
  • Mallon claims there are 257 unknown sailors. I believe this is an overestimate, about 2.7 people per boat more.

Adding 136 Archers, 16 Equestrians, 12 Fencers and 81 Sailors brings the total number of competitors to 1466.

Differences between the OlyMADMen and Herman's Top Olympians:

1. I have added 80 unknown sailors (63 French, 14 British and 3 American)
2. There are three athletes called Texier, Two of them, sailors, are brothers, but there is also a swimmer. I find this too much of a coincidence and have made them the same
3. That is a total of 134+4+15+9+80=242 unknowns, 10 incorrect additions and 1 incorrect deletion, which means my list has 242+1-10=233 more athletes than the OlyMADMen's. 1226+233=1459
4. 14 unknown archers, 2 unknown equestrians and 2 coxes are 18 extra Belgians
5. 120+2+15+7+63 = 207 unknown Frenchman, plus two cricketers and A. Berger, minus Tufferi, Texier, 3 fencers = 205 more athletes in the French team 4 Alsatian Gymnasts means 201 more French Nationals in my list.
6. There are four Gymnasts from Alsace. The OlyMADMen class them as French (as I do, as Nationality), but I first put them on the German "team".
7. 14 unknown sailors minus 2 cricketers is 12 extra Britons on my list

Other Possible errors in the Database

There are a number of other things that should be looked into, and that may require additional adaptations to these pages (and to Bill Mallon's book)

• I have found the following list of people who might well be one and the same (all French). Some of these are more probable than others (Lemoine is a rather common name, but Texier is not):
  • Adam (swimming and fencing)
  • Auguste Albert (rugby and sailing)
  • Boulanger (fencing and gymnastics) - unlikely, quite common name, and the fencer was a "Master"
  • Favier (gymnastics and waterpolo) - quite unlikely, the waterpoloist played for Lille, the Gymnast for Bourg, that's 500 km apart
  • Germain (gymnastics and cycling)
  • Hileret (fencing) and Hillaret (shooting)
  • Lemoine (fencing and gymnastics) - less likely, since the fencer was an Adjudant (now even two of them)
  • Leroy (sailing and fencing (2))
  • Terrier (cycling and gymnastics)
  • Texier (swimming and sailing (2)) - I made this a doubler.

This page is part of the site "Full Olympians" by Herman De Wael. See here for a full Introduction.